Toyota still maintains voluminous books of Design for Manufacturing (DFM) checklists to guide design work. These checklists act as the first cut at designing manufacturable new products that use common parts across platforms. Engineering checklists contain detailed information concerning any number of aspects, including functionality, manufacturability, government regulations, and reliability. Engineers use the DFM checklists to guide the design throughout the development process. The checklists are particularly important for the intensive design reviews that every vehicle program undergoes. Hundreds of engineers come together to study a vehicle or prototype at key junctures, looking for problems and opportunities for improvement. What keeps these extremely large meetings from becoming chaotic is that all engineers come with a list of all the items they need to verify from their perspective. If the design conforms to the checklist, the part is highly likely to meet a certain level of functionality, manufacturability, quality, and reliability. If it does not, discrepancies between the checklists and the design become the focal points of discussion among the divisions. The design review checklists are another example of using written forms of communication to improve face-to-face meetings. Once in place, design standards add predictability across vehicle subsystems, and between product design engineers and manufacturing engineers. The engineer responsible for audio speakers, for example, can take advantage of existing specifications for door sizes and door components and can begin designing speakers without coordinating directly with the other engineers working on door components. As a result, Toyota is able to bring new products to market quickly, as it demonstrated with the RAV4 mini-sport-utility vehicle, which was brought to market in 24 months, carved out a new product niche in Japan, but still drew on Based on Toyota Case Study above, answer the following questions: (a) Propose with examples, THREE (3) main benefits of Design for Manufacturing (DFM) implementation in automobile industry. Anarks (b) Illustrate the effects of 'Economic of Scale' on new product manufacturing cost. ( marks) (c) Toyota was one of the pioneer in introducing hybrid car and accomplished first mover advantage with the 'Toyota Prius' model. Distinguish TWO (2) determinants which made first mover advantage critical to business success.