A nurse is providing discharge teaching about improving gas exchange to a client who has emphysema. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Use pursed-lip breathing during periods of dyspnea
b. Why?: Use to slow expiration, increase airway pressure, and facilitate effective gas exchange
c. Have the client drink 2,000 to 3,000 ml of fluids a day to keep respiratory secretions thin and easier to expectorate
d. Have the client practice diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing, which helps to reduce the respiratory rate and increase alveolar ventilation.
e. Maintain O2 stat of at least 88%