Jean and Stephen were concerned about the quality of education that their son, Galen, was receiving in the neighborhood school. They believed it would not be sufficient to impart religious and moral values to their son. Hence, they chose to homeschool Galen for the rest of his educational career. This religion-based motivation on the part of Galen's parents to homeschool him is a characteristic as ________.
1) Secularism
2) Homeschooling
3) Public schooling
4) Private schooling