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Answer:
Mitosis events are:
Results in 2 genetically identical
diploid nuclei
A diploid number of sister
chromatids align at the spindle
equator during metaphase
Meiosis I events are:
Results in 2 genetically diverse
haploid nuclei
Homologous chromosomes align
at the spindle equator during
metaphase
Homologous chromosomes pair
up during prophase
Crossing-over occurs during
synapsis
Meiosis II events are:
Results in 4 genetically diverse
haploid nuclei
A haploid number of homologous
chromosomes align at the spindle
equator during metaphase
Explanation:
Mitosis is a type of cell division which produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. In mitosis, the chromosome number of the parent cell is maintained in the daughter cells i.e. a diploid cell (2n) will undergo mitosis to produce two diploid (2n) daughter cells. During mitotic division, sister chromatids (replicated chromosomes) are involved in the division stages. i.e. diploid sister chromatids align at the equator of the cell during Metaphase and also sister chromatids are separated or pulled apart to opposite poles during Anaphase.
Meiosis, on the other hand, is a kind of cell division that results in daughter cells with a reduced number of chromosome (by half). Since the chromosome number is reduced, meiosis occurs in a two step division process viz: Meiosis I and II.
Meiosis I produces two genetically different daughter cells. The daughter cells have a reduced number of chromosomes i.e. from diploid (2n) to haploid (n). Meiosis I involves homologous chromosomes (similar but non-identical chromosomes received from each parent) which pair up to form a TETRAD structure in the Prophase stage. This structure allows for an exchange of chromosomal segment between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, a process called CROSSING-OVER. Crossing-over is what makes the daughter cells genetically different from the parent cell. Homologous chromosomes also aligns at the equator of the cell during Metaphase and later separates during Anaphase.
Meiosis II divides the two daughter cells produced in meiosis I into four genetically different daughter cells. Since the chromosome number has been reduced from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) in meiosis I when homologous chromosomes separate, haploid sister chromatids are involved in the stages of meiosis II i.e. haploid sister chromatids align at the equator of the cell during Metaphase and eventually becomes pulled apart during Anaphase.
The following characteristics depend on if they describe events occurring in mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II-
Mitosis
- A diploid number of chromosomes align at the spindle equator during metaphase
- Results in 2 genetically identical diploid nuclei
Meiosis I
- Homologous chromosomes pair up during prophase
- Results in two genetically diverse haploid nuclei
- Homologous chromosomes align at the spindle equator during metaphase
- Crossing over occurs during synapsis
Meiosis II
- Results in 4 genetically diverse haploid nuclei.
- A haploid number of chromosomes align at the spindle equator during metaphase
Meiosis I
During meiosis-I prophase-I homologous chromosomes pair up to form a tetrad. During meiosis I-metaphase, I- spindle fibers attach at the centromeres of the homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes pair and align at the cell center. In meiosis I, after cytokinesis, 2 genetically haploid cells are produced, which enter meiosis II.
Synapsis is the alignment of homologous chromosomes, forming tetrad. Crossing over involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids. It occurs during the prophase of meiosis I.
Mitosis
In mitosis, the cell divides into two identical cells with identical nuclei. A diploid number of chromosomes are present during mitosis.
Meiosis II
In meiosis II, after cytokinesis, 4 genetically haploid cells are produced. During metaphase II, of meiosis II, haploid chromosomes align at the cell equator.
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